# Coinucation

> Crypto prices, data trackers and plain-English education, published by Black Mountain Investment Group. Every data page states the timestamp of the sample it was built from. Daily and weekly market wraps are generated from Coinucation's own price, ETF flow, gas and headline data and reviewed before publishing.

## Data
- [All coins](https://coinucation.com/coins): top 300 by market cap, refreshed every 20 minutes; each coin has a page at /coins/<coingecko-id> with price, chart, supply, ETF flows, news and a data-driven FAQ.
- [Converters](https://coinucation.com/convert): /convert/<coin>-to-usd and /convert/usd-to-<coin>.
- [Spot ETF flows](https://coinucation.com/etf): daily net flows for US spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs, by fund.
- [Gas tracker](https://coinucation.com/gas): Ethereum gas in gwei and Bitcoin fees in sat/vB, 24-hour history.
- [Exchanges](https://coinucation.com/exchanges): top 100 exchanges by trust score and volume.

## Editorial
- [Market wraps](https://coinucation.com/news): daily wrap and weekly review, plus original analysis.
- [Methodology](https://coinucation.com/methodology): where every number comes from.
- [Disclosure](https://coinucation.com/disclosure): ownership and conflicts.

## Learn
- [What is Bitcoin?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-bitcoin): Bitcoin is a digital currency that runs on a public network with no central operator. Learn how it works, why it matters, and what the risks are.
- [What is Ethereum?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-ethereum): Ethereum is a blockchain that runs programs called smart contracts. Learn what ether is, how the network works after the Merge, and what it is used for.
- [What is Solana?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-solana): Solana is a high speed blockchain built for cheap, fast transactions. Learn how proof of history works, what SOL is used for, and the tradeoffs involved.
- [What is a stablecoin?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-stablecoin): A stablecoin is a crypto token designed to hold a steady value, usually one US dollar. Learn how pegs work, what they are used for, and where they can fail.
- [What is an altcoin?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-an-altcoin): An altcoin is any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin. Learn the main categories, why they exist, how they behave in market cycles, and how to evaluate them.
- [What is a blockchain?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-blockchain): A blockchain is a shared record of transactions kept by many computers instead of one company. Learn how blocks, nodes, and consensus work together.
- [What is a crypto wallet?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-crypto-wallet): A crypto wallet stores the keys that control your coins, not the coins themselves. Learn the difference between custodial, hot, cold, and hardware wallets.
- [What is a private key?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-private-key): A private key is the secret number that proves you own crypto and lets you spend it. Learn how keys, addresses, and seed phrases fit together.
- [What is crypto mining?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-crypto-mining): Mining is how proof of work blockchains like Bitcoin add new blocks and issue new coins. Learn what miners actually do, how they are paid, and the costs.
- [What is proof of stake?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-proof-of-stake): Proof of stake is a way for a blockchain to agree on new blocks by having validators lock up coins instead of burning electricity. Learn how it works.
- [What is staking?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-staking): Staking means locking up crypto to help secure a proof of stake network and earning rewards in return. Learn how it works, the options, and the risks.
- [What is a smart contract?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-smart-contract): A smart contract is a program stored on a blockchain that runs automatically when its conditions are met. Learn how they work, what they power, and their risks.
- [What are gas fees?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-are-gas-fees): Gas fees are the cost of getting a transaction processed on a blockchain like Ethereum. Learn how they are calculated, why they change, and how to pay less.
- [What is a layer 2?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-layer-2): A layer 2 is a network that processes transactions off a main blockchain and settles results back to it, cutting fees. Learn how rollups and other L2s work.
- [What is DeFi?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-defi): DeFi means financial services that run as code on a blockchain instead of through a company. Learn how trading, lending, and yield work.
- [What is a DEX?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-dex): A DEX lets you trade crypto directly from your wallet using smart contracts. Learn how automated market makers, liquidity pools, and slippage work.
- [What is an NFT?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-an-nft): An NFT is a unique token on a blockchain that records ownership of a specific digital item. Learn how they work, what they are used for, and their limits.
- [What is market cap?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-market-cap): Market cap is a coin's price multiplied by its circulating supply. Learn what it tells you, what it hides, and how fully diluted valuation and dominance relate.
- [What is tokenomics?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-tokenomics): Tokenomics is the economic design of a crypto token: supply, issuance, distribution, and utility. Learn how to read a token's design and spot red flags.
- [What is a Bitcoin ETF?](https://coinucation.com/learn/what-is-a-bitcoin-etf): A Bitcoin ETF is a stock exchange fund that tracks the price of bitcoin. Learn how spot ETFs work, how they differ from owning bitcoin, and the costs.

## Glossary
- [Address](https://coinucation.com/glossary/address): An address is the public identifier on a blockchain that you share to receive crypto, derived from a public key.
- [Airdrop](https://coinucation.com/glossary/airdrop): An airdrop is a free distribution of tokens to wallet addresses, often used to reward early users or launch a new token.
- [All-Time High (ATH)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/all-time-high): An all-time high is the highest price an asset has ever reached, a common reference point for measuring drawdowns and recoveries.
- [Altcoin](https://coinucation.com/glossary/altcoin): An altcoin is any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin, from major networks like Ethereum to tiny experimental tokens.
- [AML](https://coinucation.com/glossary/aml): AML, or anti-money laundering, refers to the laws and procedures that require crypto businesses to detect and report illicit financial activity.
- [Automated Market Maker (AMM)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/automated-market-maker): An automated market maker is a DEX mechanism that prices trades with a formula against a pool of tokens instead of matching buyers and sellers.
- [Bear Market](https://coinucation.com/glossary/bear-market): A bear market is a prolonged period of falling prices and negative sentiment, commonly defined as a drop of 20 percent or more from a peak.
- [Bitcoin](https://coinucation.com/glossary/bitcoin): Bitcoin is the first and largest cryptocurrency, a decentralized digital money with a fixed supply cap of 21 million coins.
- [Bitcoin Dominance](https://coinucation.com/glossary/dominance): Bitcoin dominance is Bitcoin's share of the total crypto market cap, used as a gauge of whether money is flowing into or out of altcoins.
- [Block](https://coinucation.com/glossary/block): A block is a batch of transactions bundled together, verified, and permanently added to a blockchain in sequence.
- [Block Reward](https://coinucation.com/glossary/block-reward): The block reward is the newly created coins plus transaction fees paid to the miner or validator who adds a block to the chain.
- [Blockchain](https://coinucation.com/glossary/blockchain): A blockchain is a shared digital ledger of transactions grouped into linked blocks and maintained by a network of computers instead of a central authority.
- [Bridge](https://coinucation.com/glossary/bridge): A bridge is a protocol that moves tokens or data between two different blockchains, usually by locking assets on one side and issuing equivalents on the other.
- [Bull Market](https://coinucation.com/glossary/bull-market): A bull market is a sustained period of rising prices and optimism, often lasting months to years in crypto.
- [Burn](https://coinucation.com/glossary/burn): Burning permanently removes tokens from circulation by sending them to an address nobody can access, reducing total supply.
- [CBDC](https://coinucation.com/glossary/cbdc): A CBDC is a central bank digital currency, a digital form of a national currency issued and controlled directly by the central bank.
- [Centralized Exchange (CEX)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/centralized-exchange): A centralized exchange is a company that holds customer funds and runs a trading platform, such as Coinbase, Binance, or Kraken.
- [CFTC](https://coinucation.com/glossary/cftc): The CFTC is the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which regulates crypto derivatives and treats Bitcoin and Ether as commodities.
- [Circulating Supply](https://coinucation.com/glossary/circulating-supply): Circulating supply is the number of coins or tokens that are publicly available and tradable right now.
- [Coin](https://coinucation.com/glossary/coin): A coin is the native cryptocurrency of its own blockchain, used to pay transaction fees and reward the people securing the network.
- [Cold Wallet](https://coinucation.com/glossary/cold-wallet): A cold wallet keeps private keys completely offline, making it the most secure way to store crypto for the long term.
- [Consensus](https://coinucation.com/glossary/consensus): Consensus is the process by which a blockchain's nodes agree on which transactions are valid and in what order, without a central referee.
- [Custodial](https://coinucation.com/glossary/custodial): A custodial service holds your private keys on your behalf, so a company like an exchange controls access to your crypto.
- [DAO](https://coinucation.com/glossary/dao): A DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization governed by token holders who vote on proposals that are enforced by smart contracts.
- [Decentralized Exchange (DEX)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/decentralized-exchange): A decentralized exchange is a smart contract that lets users swap tokens directly from their own wallets without a company holding their funds.
- [DeFi](https://coinucation.com/glossary/defi): DeFi, or decentralized finance, is a set of financial services like trading, lending, and borrowing that run on smart contracts instead of banks.
- [Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/dollar-cost-averaging): Dollar-cost averaging means investing a fixed amount at regular intervals regardless of price, smoothing out the cost of entry over time.
- [ERC-20](https://coinucation.com/glossary/erc-20): ERC-20 is the technical standard for fungible tokens on Ethereum that defines how tokens are transferred and how balances are tracked.
- [ETF](https://coinucation.com/glossary/etf): An exchange-traded fund is a regulated investment fund that trades on a stock exchange and lets investors buy exposure to an asset through a brokerage.
- [ETF Flows](https://coinucation.com/glossary/etf-flows): ETF flows are the daily net amounts of money entering or leaving crypto ETFs, watched as a gauge of institutional demand.
- [Ethereum](https://coinucation.com/glossary/ethereum): Ethereum is a programmable blockchain that runs smart contracts, and ETH is the coin used to pay for computation on it.
- [Exchange](https://coinucation.com/glossary/exchange): A crypto exchange is a marketplace where people buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies, either through a company or a smart contract.
- [Fear and Greed Index](https://coinucation.com/glossary/fear-and-greed-index): The Crypto Fear and Greed Index is a 0 to 100 sentiment score that summarizes market emotion, from extreme fear to extreme greed.
- [Finality](https://coinucation.com/glossary/finality): Finality is the point at which a blockchain transaction is guaranteed to be permanent and cannot be reversed or reorganized away.
- [Floor Price](https://coinucation.com/glossary/floor-price): The floor price is the lowest price at which any item in an NFT collection is currently listed for sale.
- [Fork](https://coinucation.com/glossary/fork): A fork is a change to a blockchain's rules or a split in its history, which can produce either an upgrade or two separate chains.
- [Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/fully-diluted-valuation): FDV is what a crypto asset would be worth at today's price if every token that will ever exist were already in circulation.
- [Gas](https://coinucation.com/glossary/gas): Gas is the unit that measures how much computational work a transaction requires on Ethereum and similar blockchains.
- [Gas Fee](https://coinucation.com/glossary/gas-fee): A gas fee is the total cost in ETH to execute a transaction, calculated as gas used times the gas price in effect at that moment.
- [Governance Token](https://coinucation.com/glossary/governance-token): A governance token gives holders the right to vote on decisions about a protocol, such as fee changes, upgrades, or treasury spending.
- [Gwei](https://coinucation.com/glossary/gwei): Gwei is a unit of ether equal to one billionth of an ETH, used to quote gas prices on Ethereum.
- [Halving](https://coinucation.com/glossary/halving): The halving is a scheduled event roughly every four years that cuts Bitcoin's block reward in half, slowing the creation of new coins.
- [Hard Fork](https://coinucation.com/glossary/hard-fork): A hard fork is a protocol change that is not backward compatible, so nodes must upgrade or end up on a separate chain.
- [Hardware Wallet](https://coinucation.com/glossary/hardware-wallet): A hardware wallet is a physical device that stores private keys offline and signs transactions without exposing the keys to a computer.
- [Hash](https://coinucation.com/glossary/hash): A hash is a fixed-length fingerprint produced by running data through a one-way mathematical function; blockchains use hashes to link blocks and verify data.
- [Hash Rate](https://coinucation.com/glossary/hash-rate): Hash rate is the total computing power miners are devoting to a proof-of-work network, measured in hashes per second.
- [Hot Wallet](https://coinucation.com/glossary/hot-wallet): A hot wallet is a crypto wallet connected to the internet, convenient for frequent use but more exposed to hacking and malware.
- [Impermanent Loss](https://coinucation.com/glossary/impermanent-loss): Impermanent loss is the value a liquidity provider gives up compared with simply holding their tokens when the pool's prices diverge.
- [KYC](https://coinucation.com/glossary/kyc): KYC, or Know Your Customer, is the identity verification process that regulated exchanges require before letting users trade or withdraw.
- [Layer 1](https://coinucation.com/glossary/layer-1): A layer 1 is a base blockchain that processes and finalizes transactions on its own, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Solana.
- [Layer 2](https://coinucation.com/glossary/layer-2): A layer 2 is a network built on top of a base blockchain that handles transactions faster and cheaper while relying on the base chain for security.
- [Lending Protocol](https://coinucation.com/glossary/lending-protocol): A lending protocol is a DeFi application where users deposit crypto to earn interest and borrow against collateral, all governed by smart contracts.
- [Leverage](https://coinucation.com/glossary/leverage): Leverage lets a trader control a position larger than their own capital by borrowing, amplifying both gains and losses.
- [Limit Order](https://coinucation.com/glossary/limit-order): A limit order is an instruction to buy or sell an asset only at a specified price or better, and it waits until the market reaches it.
- [Liquidation](https://coinucation.com/glossary/liquidation): Liquidation is the forced closing of a leveraged position or loan when the collateral falls below the required threshold.
- [Liquidity](https://coinucation.com/glossary/liquidity): Liquidity is how easily an asset can be bought or sold at a stable price; deep liquidity means large trades barely move the market.
- [Liquidity Pool](https://coinucation.com/glossary/liquidity-pool): A liquidity pool is a smart contract holding pairs of tokens that traders swap against, funded by users who earn fees in return.
- [Mainnet](https://coinucation.com/glossary/mainnet): Mainnet is the live, production version of a blockchain where transactions carry real value, as opposed to a testnet.
- [Market Cap](https://coinucation.com/glossary/market-cap): Market cap is the total value of a cryptocurrency, calculated by multiplying its current price by the number of coins in circulation.
- [Market Order](https://coinucation.com/glossary/market-order): A market order buys or sells immediately at the best available price, prioritizing speed of execution over price control.
- [Max Supply](https://coinucation.com/glossary/max-supply): Max supply is the hard upper limit on how many units of a cryptocurrency can ever exist, such as Bitcoin's 21 million.
- [Memecoin](https://coinucation.com/glossary/memecoin): A memecoin is a cryptocurrency built around a joke or internet meme, with value driven by community attention rather than utility.
- [Mempool](https://coinucation.com/glossary/mempool): The mempool is the waiting area where valid transactions sit after being broadcast and before being included in a block.
- [Mining](https://coinucation.com/glossary/mining): Mining is the process by which computers compete to add new blocks to a proof-of-work blockchain and earn newly created coins plus fees.
- [Minting](https://coinucation.com/glossary/minting): Minting is the act of creating a new token or NFT on a blockchain by writing it into a smart contract for the first time.
- [Multisig](https://coinucation.com/glossary/multisig): A multisig wallet requires signatures from several private keys to approve a transaction, so no single key can move the funds alone.
- [NFT](https://coinucation.com/glossary/nft): An NFT, or non-fungible token, is a unique blockchain token that records ownership of a specific digital item such as art, a collectible, or a domain name.
- [NFT Marketplace](https://coinucation.com/glossary/nft-marketplace): An NFT marketplace is a platform where NFTs are listed, bought, and sold, such as OpenSea, Blur, or Magic Eden.
- [Node](https://coinucation.com/glossary/node): A node is a computer running blockchain software that stores a copy of the ledger, validates transactions, and relays data to other nodes.
- [Oracle](https://coinucation.com/glossary/oracle): An oracle is a service that feeds real-world data such as asset prices into a blockchain so smart contracts can use it.
- [Order Book](https://coinucation.com/glossary/order-book): An order book is the live list of buy and sell orders for an asset at different prices, used by exchanges to match trades.
- [Phishing](https://coinucation.com/glossary/phishing): Phishing is a scam that tricks you into revealing your seed phrase, approving a malicious transaction, or logging into a fake site to steal your crypto.
- [Private Key](https://coinucation.com/glossary/private-key): A private key is the secret number that lets you sign transactions and spend crypto from an address; whoever holds it controls the funds.
- [Proof of Stake (PoS)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/proof-of-stake): Proof of stake is a consensus mechanism where validators lock up coins as collateral to earn the right to propose blocks and can be penalized for misbehavior.
- [Proof of Work (PoW)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/proof-of-work): Proof of work is a consensus mechanism where miners spend computing power to solve a puzzle, making blocks costly to add and history very hard to rewrite.
- [Public Key](https://coinucation.com/glossary/public-key): A public key is derived from a private key and can be shared freely; it is used to verify signatures and to generate receiving addresses.
- [Rollup](https://coinucation.com/glossary/rollup): A rollup is a layer 2 that executes transactions off-chain and posts compressed batches to the base chain, inheriting its security.
- [Royalties](https://coinucation.com/glossary/royalties): NFT royalties are a percentage of each resale that is paid to the original creator, set in the collection's metadata or contract.
- [Rug Pull](https://coinucation.com/glossary/rug-pull): A rug pull is a scam where a project's creators attract investment and then abruptly drain the funds or abandon the project, leaving the token worthless.
- [Satoshi](https://coinucation.com/glossary/satoshi): A satoshi is the smallest unit of bitcoin, equal to one hundred-millionth (0.00000001) of a BTC.
- [SEC](https://coinucation.com/glossary/sec): The SEC is the US Securities and Exchange Commission, the regulator that decides whether crypto assets are securities and oversees crypto ETFs.
- [Seed Phrase](https://coinucation.com/glossary/seed-phrase): A seed phrase is a list of 12 or 24 words that backs up a wallet; anyone who has it can restore the wallet and spend everything in it.
- [Self-Custody](https://coinucation.com/glossary/self-custody): Self-custody means holding your own private keys, so you alone control your crypto without relying on an exchange or other third party.
- [Slippage](https://coinucation.com/glossary/slippage): Slippage is the difference between the price you expected for a trade and the price you actually got, usually caused by low liquidity.
- [Smart Contract](https://coinucation.com/glossary/smart-contract): A smart contract is a program stored on a blockchain that runs automatically when its conditions are met, without a company or person in control.
- [Solana](https://coinucation.com/glossary/solana): Solana is a high-throughput proof-of-stake blockchain known for fast, cheap transactions and a large memecoin and NFT ecosystem.
- [Spot ETF](https://coinucation.com/glossary/spot-etf): A spot crypto ETF holds the actual coins in custody, so its share price tracks the real-time market price of the asset directly.
- [Stablecoin](https://coinucation.com/glossary/stablecoin): A stablecoin is a crypto token designed to hold a steady value, usually pegged one-to-one to a currency like the US dollar.
- [Staking](https://coinucation.com/glossary/staking): Staking is locking up coins to help secure a proof-of-stake network in exchange for rewards, typically a few percent per year.
- [Testnet](https://coinucation.com/glossary/testnet): A testnet is a copy of a blockchain used for testing, where coins have no real value and developers can try code without risk.
- [Token](https://coinucation.com/glossary/token): A token is a crypto asset created by a smart contract on an existing blockchain rather than by the blockchain itself.
- [Tokenomics](https://coinucation.com/glossary/tokenomics): Tokenomics describes how a crypto asset's supply, distribution, and incentives are designed, and how those rules affect its value.
- [Total Supply](https://coinucation.com/glossary/total-supply): Total supply is the number of coins or tokens that currently exist, including locked and reserved units but excluding any that were burned.
- [Total Value Locked (TVL)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/total-value-locked): Total value locked is the dollar value of all crypto deposited in a DeFi protocol or blockchain, a common measure of adoption.
- [Transaction Fee](https://coinucation.com/glossary/transaction-fee): A transaction fee is the amount paid to miners or validators to include a transaction in a block; it rises when the network is busy.
- [Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)](https://coinucation.com/glossary/two-factor-authentication): Two-factor authentication adds a second step beyond a password, such as an authenticator app code or hardware key, to protect exchange accounts.
- [Validator](https://coinucation.com/glossary/validator): A validator is a node on a proof-of-stake network that has staked coins and is responsible for proposing and verifying blocks.
- [Vesting](https://coinucation.com/glossary/vesting): Vesting is a schedule that releases tokens to team members or investors gradually over time instead of all at once.
- [Volatility](https://coinucation.com/glossary/volatility): Volatility measures how much and how quickly an asset's price moves; crypto is far more volatile than stocks or major currencies.
- [Volume](https://coinucation.com/glossary/volume): Trading volume is the total amount of an asset bought and sold over a period, usually 24 hours, measured in units or dollars.
- [Wallet](https://coinucation.com/glossary/wallet): A crypto wallet is software or hardware that stores your private keys and lets you send and receive crypto; the coins themselves live on the blockchain.
- [Wei](https://coinucation.com/glossary/wei): Wei is the smallest unit of ether, with 1 ETH equal to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10 to the 18th power) wei.
- [Wrapped Token](https://coinucation.com/glossary/wrapped-token): A wrapped token is a token on one blockchain that represents an asset from another, backed one-to-one by the original held in custody.
- [Yield Farming](https://coinucation.com/glossary/yield-farming): Yield farming is moving crypto between DeFi protocols to earn the highest return from trading fees, interest, and token rewards.

## API
- [Data API docs](https://coinucation.com/developers): free read-only JSON endpoints; OpenAPI at https://coinucation.com/openapi.json, catalog at https://coinucation.com/.well-known/api-catalog, access notes at https://coinucation.com/auth.md.

## Feeds
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